What term refers to changes in cells leading to diminished function and the eventual death of the organism?

The term that describes changes in cells leading to diminished function and the eventual death of the organism is "cellular senescence." This refers to the process whereby cells lose their ability to divide and function effectively as a result of various stresses, including genetic damage and shortened telomeres. As cells enter senescence, they can no longer replicate, which contributes to aging and the overall decline in the body's repair and regenerative capabilities.

Cellular senescence is significant in the context of aging because it plays a role in the development of age-related diseases and the overall aging process. This accumulation of senescent cells can lead to inflammation and tissue dysfunction, further advancing the decline of health and vitality in an organism. By understanding cellular senescence, we gain insight into the biological mechanisms of aging and the potential targets for interventions that aim to improve health span and longevity.